The Federal Government of Nigeria has announced plans to officially decriminalize attempted suicide by December 2025, shifting the nation’s approach from punishment to compassion and care.
The disclosure came on World Suicide Prevention Day (September 10, 2025), when the Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Prof. Muhammad Pate, confirmed that the government is finalizing legislative and policy steps to end criminal penalties for individuals who attempt suicide.
From Crime to Public Health Issue
Currently, Sections 327 and 231 of Nigeria’s Criminal and Penal Codes classify attempted suicide as a criminal offense punishable by imprisonment. Mental health advocates have long argued that this law adds stigma and discourages vulnerable individuals from seeking help.
Prof. Pate emphasized that the government’s priority is to treat suicide attempts as a public health concern, not a criminal act. “By December 2025, Nigeria will align with global best practices in mental health and remove punitive measures against those battling suicidal thoughts,” he said.
Taskforce and Legislative Work
A National Taskforce on the Decriminalisation of Attempted Suicide was inaugurated in October 2024 to lead this process. The taskforce has since produced a white paper and developed the National Mental Health Act Amendment Bill 2025, which is set to be presented to the Federal Executive Council before moving to the National Assembly.
Earlier this year, Senator Asuquo Ekpenyong also introduced a bill in the Senate that seeks to repeal criminal penalties while strengthening mental health support services, including helplines and crisis intervention programs.
Why This Matters
Nigeria records thousands of suicide attempts annually, with the World Health Organization listing suicide as a leading cause of death among young people. Experts say the new policy could save lives by:
Reducing stigma around mental health
Encouraging early help-seeking behavior
Expanding crisis support services
Aligning Nigeria with global suicide prevention strategies
Looking Ahead
If passed and implemented as planned, December 2025 will mark a historic turning point for mental health care in Nigeria, where compassion replaces punishment in addressing one of society’s most sensitive challenges.
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